Distinguishing between neurosis and psychosis: discourses on neurosis in colonial Korea.

This article analyses the origins and formation of medical and social discourses on neurosis in colonial Korea. With the introduction of Western medicine after the Opening of Korea in 1876, neurasthenia and hysteria began to be understood as neurotic diseases, and their importance was further highlighted during the colonial period of 1910-45. The article also addresses the role of neuropsychiatry in forming discourses on neurosis. In medical communities during the colonial period, the main source of these discourses gradually shifted from internal medicine to neuropsychiatry. In particular, Korean neuropsychiatrists distinguished between neurosis and psychosis as a way to reinforce their authority. Neuropsychiatrists tried to explain the temperamental and environmental factors of neurosis from a psychoanalytic standpoint.

Da cristalização à singularidade: a neurose obsessiva no diagnóstico estrutural / From crystallization to singularity: obsessive neurosis within structural diagnosis / De la cristalización a la singularidad: neurosis obsesiva en diagnóstico estructural: a neurose obsessiva no diagnóstico estrutural

Este artigo, partindo de uma reflexão acerca da abordagem e das singularidades existentes na condução do manejo psicanalítico associado à neurose obsessiva, perscruta os impasses relacionados à questão propriamente nosográfica que permanece como elemento problemático em toda a clínica psicanalítica. A partir de uma retomada crítica das categorizações da neurose formuladas por Sigmund Freud, e retrabalhadas e expandidas nos trabalhos de Jacques Lacan, propõe-se aqui uma abordagem que tensione qualquer tentativa nosográfica dentro da clínica em transferência. De fato, o enfoque em categorias preestabelecidas que se colocam como anteriores ao encontro com o paciente aparece cada vez mais comum ao longo do espectro de abordagens do campo da Psicologia, que muitas vezes se coloca à frente da própria singularidade do sujeito em busca de tratamento. Assim, na interseção entre a técnica e a teoria, pretende-se aqui desenvolver a ideia de como um diagnóstico estrutural é capaz de reintegrar a ideia de uma neurose obsessiva que não se apresente como categoria estanque e apriorística, e sim que se complexifique dentro do horizonte da clínica em transferência.

This article, based on a reflection about the approach and singularities existing in the conduction of psychoanalytic management associated with obsessive neurosis, scrutinizes the deadlocks related to the properly nosographic issue that remains a problematic element throughout psychoanalytic clinic. Starting from a critical reappraisal of neurosis categorizations formulated by Sigmund Freud, which were reworked and expanded by Jacques Lacan, we propose an approach that brings tension to any nosographic attempt within the transference practice. As a matter of fact, the focus on pre-established categories set before the encounter with the patient appears increasingly common along the spectrum of approaches in the field of Psychology, which often puts itself ahead of the subject's uniqueness. Thus, at the intersection between practice and theory, we intend to develop the idea of ​​how a structural diagnosis is capable to reintegrate the idea of ​​an obsessional neurosis that does not present itself as a rigid category, but one that is complex within the horizon of the transference in clinical practice.

Desde el punto de vista de una reflexión sobre el enfoque y las singularidades existentes en relación al manejo psicoanalítico de la neurosis obsesiva, este artículo examina los inconvenientes relacionados al problema más específicamente nosográfico que sigue siendo un elemento problemático dentro de la práctica psicoanalítica en su totalidad. Partiendo de una reevaluación crítica de las categorizaciones de neurosis formuladas por Sigmund Freud, que fueron reelaboradas y ampliadas por Jacques Lacan, proponemos aquí un énfasis que trae tensión a cualquier intento nosográfico dentro de la práctica de transferencia. De hecho, el enfoque en categorías preestablecidas colocadas antes del encuentro con el paciente es cada vez más común en todo el espectro de enfoques dentro del campo de la psicología, que a menudo viene antes de la singularidad del sujeto que busca tratamiento. Por lo tanto, en la intersección entre técnica y teoría, el objetivo aquí es desarrollar la idea de cómo un diagnóstico estructural es capaz de reintegrar el concepto de una neurosis obsesiva que no se presenta como una categoría rígida y a priori, sino que se desarrolla de manera compleja en el horizonte de la práctica de transferencia.

Neurotic personality traits and associated dysfunctional attitudes as factors predisposing patients to suicidal ideations at the end of intensive psychotherapy. / Nerwicowe cechy osobowosci i zwiazane z nimi dysfunkcjonalne postawy pacjentów jako czynniki predysponujace do wystapienia mysli samobójczych pod koniec intensywnej psychoterapii.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationshipsbetween personality traits typical for neurotic disorders and dysfunctional attitudes declared by patients without suicidal ideations (SI) prior to treatment and SI at the end of an intensive psychotherapy with a predominant psychodynamic approach in the day hospital for neurotic, behavioral, or personality disorders. MATERIAL AND METHOD: KO "O" Symptom Checklist for assessing SI, Neurotic Personality Questionnaire KON-2006 for evaluation of neurotic personality characteristics and patients' attitudes, and a Life Questionnaire, all completed by a group of 680 patients of a day psychotherapy ward, treated for the first time. Statistical analysis encompassed 466 non-SI patients, 4% of whom had SI at the end of treatment. RESULTS: A number of attitudes have been identified in patients who were significantly predisposed to SI at the end of intensive psychotherapy: physical aggression towards relatives (p < 0.001), grandiose fantasies (p = 0.043), resignation tendencies (p = 0.022), resignation feeling associated with the experience of loss of life opportunities (p = 0.037), and being guided mainly by intuition (p = 0.035). It was also observed that declaring certain attitudes was significantly associated with less than average chance of SI at the end of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In patients who declared these attitudes, there was a higher risk of SI at the end of the psychotherapy cycle than in the remaining patients (10-30% vs. 4%), which indicates the presence of specific dysfunctions of personality, in the case of which intensive psychotherapeutic work requires particular caution -it can trigger emotional stress leading to SI instances. It can be assumed that SI are the result of the reconstruction of defense mechanisms while working on insight, confrontation with the causes and consequences of the patients' own physical aggression towards the loved ones, the realization of the size of their grandiose thinking and the insight into its function, and the insight into the causes of resignation attitudes.

Neurotic "disorders" or "disorder"? / "Zaburzenia" czy "zaburzenie" nerwicowe?

OBJECTIVES: To check the legitimacy of the presumption that there are many "neurotic" disorders. METHODS: Taxonomic analyzes by single linkage method, unweighted pair-group average and Ward's method, also k-means clustering. The material in the pilot study used the information obtained from the Symptom Checklist "O", completed before treatment by 4,649 patients, who applied for treatment due to various functional disorders. The basic study used questionnaires filled in by 288 patients with diagnosed neurotic disorders and by 95 not-neurotic persons, constituting a control group. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the symptoms of functional disorders constitute one set (syndrome), thus the conviction of the multiplicity of neurotic disorders seems unjustified.

[Neurotic disorders as a problem of modern gerontopsihiatry]. / Nevroticheskie rasstroistva kak problema sovremennoi gerontopsikhiatrii.

The relevance of the problem is determined by the growth of elderly population in the world and in Russia and by the increase in the frequency of non-psychotic mental disorders (non-PMD) in the structure of psychiatric diseases. The authors consider the current state of research in the field of non-PMD of old age, including neurotic disorders (ND). An analysis of the literature has shown that there is no convergent view on the ND of old age. As a consequence, there are contradictory views from researchers or psychiatric schools on the ND prevalence and morbidity. Attention is drawn to the insufficient diagnosis of non-PMD in the primary link of health care, difficulties of distinguishing ND from neurotic-like states, necessity in the clarification of the epidemiology of neuroses and efficiency of psychotherapeutic help. The use of resources of able-bodied people is important for the socio-economic development of the country.

A descriptive epidemiological study of disability prevalence attributed to neurotic disorders in China.

This study estimated the prevalence, correlates, severity and functional impairment of disabilities attributed to neurotic disorders in the Chinese population. Data from a representative national sample of 2,526,145 non-institutionalized residents were obtained from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disabilities (CNSSD) in 2006. The data were analyzed to estimate prevalence, correlates, severity and functional impairment of disability attributable to neurotic disorders by gender, age, region, and other key socio-demographic and economic factors. The disability prevalence attributed to neurotic disorders was 0.032% (805/2,526,145) in China. Women, rural residents, unemployed job status, low education level and those who were divorced or widowed showed higher prevalence rates than their counterparts. Proportions of mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe of neurotic attributed disability only accounted for 78.48%, 9.14%, 6.5% and 5.9%, respectively. Finally, these findings provide evidence that, prevalence rates of disability attributable to neurotic disorders vary greatly among different population groups and regions. Multiple disabilities including disability attributable to neurotic disorders can bring much more impairment to individuals than disability attributable to neurotic disorder only.

Shared and specific genetic risk factors for lifetime major depression, depressive symptoms and neuroticism in three population-based twin samples.

BACKGROUND: Vulnerability to depression can be measured in different ways. We here examine how genetic risk factors are inter-related for lifetime major depression (MD), self-report current depressive symptoms and the personality trait Neuroticism. METHOD: We obtained data from three population-based adult twin samples (Virginia n = 4672, Australia #1 n = 3598 and Australia #2 n = 1878) to which we fitted a common factor model where risk for 'broadly defined depression' was indexed by (i) lifetime MD assessed at personal interview, (ii) depressive symptoms, and (iii) neuroticism. We examined the proportion of genetic risk for MD deriving from the common factor v. specific to MD in each sample and then analyzed them jointly. Structural equation modeling was conducted in Mx. RESULTS: The best fit models in all samples included additive genetic and unique environmental effects. The proportion of genetic effects unique to lifetime MD and not shared with the broad depression common factor in the three samples were estimated as 77, 61, and 65%, respectively. A cross-sample mega-analysis model fit well and estimated that 65% of the genetic risk for MD was unique. CONCLUSION: A large proportion of genetic risk factors for lifetime MD was not, in the samples studied, captured by a common factor for broadly defined depression utilizing MD and self-report measures of current depressive symptoms and Neuroticism. The genetic substrate for MD may reflect neurobiological processes underlying the episodic nature of its cognitive, motor and neurovegetative manifestations, which are not well indexed by current depressive symptom and neuroticism.

A Big Five facet analysis of sub-clinical dependent personality disorder (Dutifulness).

This study aimed to examine a Big Five, normal personality trait, "bright side" analysis of a sub-clinical personality disorder: Dependency Personality Disorder. Around 6000 British adults completed the NEO-PI-R which measures the Big Five personality factors at the domain and the facet level. They also completed the Hogan Development Survey (HDS) which has a measure of sub-clinical Dependency Personality Disorder called Dutiful as one of its eleven dysfunctional interpersonal tendencies. Correlation and regression results confirmed many of the associations between the Big Five domains and facets and sub-clinical Dependency. The Dutiful (Dependent) scale from the HDS was the criterion variable in all analyses. The results showed that those high on Dutiful are highly unstable Neurotic, Agreeable people who are low on Openness. They are Anxious, Compliant, Self-Conscious, Unassertive and Vulnerable. It is thus possible to assess subclinical personality disorder "dark-side" traits, like Dutifulness, in terms of normal "bright-side" traits. Limitations of the study are acknowledged.

[Does the French Big Five Inventory evaluate facets other than the Big Five factors?] / Le Big Five Inventory français permet-il d'évaluer des facettes en plus des cinq grands facteurs ?

INTRODUCTION: The Big Five Inventory (BFI) developed by John et al. (1991) is one of the most widely accepted tools for assessing dimensions of personality. It comprises 44 items that assess five broad dimensions of personality (the Big Five Factors): Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness to experience. Based on correlations with the facets described in the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO PI-R), another Big Five assessment tool with 240 items and 6 facets per dimension, Soto and John (2009) showed that the dimensions in the BFI could be divided into two facets each (ten facets altogether). These results are in line with those of DeYoung et al. (2007), who ran factorial analyses with all the NEO PI-R facets and the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) and identified ten intermediate factors (between facets and dimensions) which they called "aspects" (two per dimension). The goal of the present study is to investigate the ten facets described by Soto and John in a French sample, using the French version of the BFI (BFI-Fr), which has good psychometric properties, and to check whether the pattern of correlations of these facets with the NEO PI-R match those of the American version. METHOD: We created three groups. The first comprised 360 students from the Institut libre d'éducation physique supérieure (ILEPS) and Tours University (psychology undergraduates). Participants (mean age 21.1 years±2.30; 58% women) completed the BFI-Fr and the NEO PI-R. The second comprised 142 psychology students from Tours University (mean age 20.6 years±1.78; 81% women); they completed the BFI-Fr twice, two weeks apart (test and retest). The third comprised 252 psychology students from Paris-Nanterre University (mean age 23 years±4.2; 89% women) who described a total of 405 people they knew well (mean age 35.2±10.8; 49% women) using the peer-report format of the BFI-Fr. RESULTS: In the self-report format, eight of Soto and John's ten aspects had acceptable internal consistency (based on Guildford's (1954) internal consistency criteria, due to the small number of items), with Cronbach's α between 0.60 and 0.86 and test-retest correlations between 0.71 and 0.89, showing satisfactory temporal stability. We found a single facet for Extraversion (Assertiveness), two for Agreeableness (Altruism and Compliance), two for Conscientiousness (Self-Discipline and Order), one for Neuroticism (Anxiety), and two for Openness to Experience (Openness to aesthetics and Openness to ideas). Based on their convergence with the corresponding facets in the NEO PI-R, these eight facets showed satisfactory external validity. With regard to the peer-report format, the Activity facet of Extraversion, which did not have sufficient internal consistency in the self-report format, had acceptable properties (i.e. 9 out of 10 facets). Only the Depression facet of Neuroticism still had insufficient internal consistency. In this study, we proposed an improvement of two facets (Activity and Compliance) and added one facet specific to the French version (Emotional Instability) in place of the Depression facet. DISCUSSION: We showed that the BFI-Fr can be used to assess nine of the ten facets described by Soto and John. We also identified an Emotional Instability facet, replacing the Depression facet of Neuroticism. DeYoung et al. (2007) considered that anxiety and depression are indissociable and can be represented by a Neuroticism aspect they labeled Withdrawal. They suggested a second aspect of this dimension they called Volatility (with the N2 Angry Hostility facet of the NEO PI-R as main marker and the N5 Impulsiveness and N3 Depression as secondary markers). The Emotional Instability facet we found corresponds closely to the N2 Angry Hostility facet of the NEO PI-R and appears to be a satisfactory marker of DeYoung et al.'s (2007) Volatility aspect. Although this study has limitations, particularly related to the samples (students), the BFI-Fr facets (derived from those defined by Soto and John in the BFI or proposed as improvements on the original facets) match the corresponding NEO PI-R facets and can also be seen as main markers of the aspects defined by DeYoung et al.

Entre lo pseudoneurótico y lo limítrofe / Among the pseudo-neurotic and the borderline

El término Pseudoneurótico recogería el problema de la interface fenomenológica entre psicosis y neurosis. Acuñan este término para tratar de especificar un cuadro psicopatológico caracterizado por exhibir manifestaciones clínicas pan-neuróticas, pan-sexuales y pan-ansiosas, enmascarando síntomas de una real esquizofrenia. Los fenómenos psicóticos serían sutiles y breves y en ocasiones se sufriría de episodios psicóticos intensos diurnos o nocturnos tales como pesadillas que se continúan con alucinaciones. La esquizofrenia Pseudoneurótica, junto con los conceptos de demencia precoz atenuada, esquizofrenia latente, esquizofrenia ambulatoria, estructura de personalidad pre esquizofrénica y esquizofrenia límite, se reclutaron en la noción de personalidad límite.

The term Pseudoneurotic would pick up the problem of the phenomenological interface between psychosis and neurosis. This term was coined trying to specify a psychopathological disorder characterized by exhibiting pan-neurotic, pan-sexual and pan-anxious clinical manifestations, masking symptoms of a real schizophrenia. Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia, together with the concepts of attenuated early dementia, latent schizophrenia, ambulatory schizophrenia, preschizophrenic personality structure and borderline schizophrenia, were recruited into the notion of borderline personality.

La histeria clásica y moderna: una visión sinóptica Parte II Diagnóstico / Classic and modern hysteria: a synoptic view. Part II Diagnosis

Todo diagnóstico de un problema descubierto lleva implícito un proceso de análisis y síntesis. Todavía no se ha logrado encontrar una clara definición de la histeria, precisamente por su "psicoplasticidad", es decir, por la infinidad de expresiones clínicas en que se puede presentar. Además su eliminación de los códigos diagnósticos la fragmentó en diversos síndromes o conjuntos sintomáticos. El psicoanálisis, asociado al concepto, fue desperfilado por la psiquiatría americana con el advenimiento de la investigación biológica sobre trastornos mentales y nuevos descubrimientos como los sistemas de neurotransmisores. Quedaron atrás los criterios de Feighner, que abarcaban los diagnósticos de neurosis de ansiedad, neurosis obsesivo-compulsiva, neurosis fóbica, histeria. Se analiza clasificaciones CIE y DSM, en las que se puede rastrear la histeria. Palabras claves: histeria, neurosis, diagnóstico, CIE-10.

Every diagnosis of a discovered problem implies a process of analysis and synthesis. A clear definition of hysteria has not yet been found, precisely because of its "psychoplasticity", that is, by the infinity of clinical expressions in which it can be presented. In addition its elimination of the diagnostic codes fragmented it in diverse syndromes or symptomatic sets. Psychoanalysis, associated with the concept, was unburied by American psychiatry with the advent of biological research on mental disorders and new discoveries such as neurotransmitter systems. Feighner's criteria, which included diagnoses of anxiety neurosis, obsessive-compulsive neurosis, phobic neurosis and hysteria, were left behind. We analyze CIE and DSM classifications, in which hysteria can be traced.

[Alienation: Differential Psychopathology of Ego-Disturbances]. / Entfremdungserlebnisse ­ Psychopathologische Differenzierung der Ich-Störungen.

Alienation, i. e. disorders of the inner experience of integrity, continuity, and agency, represents a feature of both psychotic and non-psychotic disorders. Thereby, ego disturbances are thought to be specific for schizophrenia. Depersonalisation, in contrast, has been reported in schizophrenia as well as a neurotic, probably distinct syndrome. The differentiation of psychotic vs. non-psychotic alienation is often all but trivial. The present paper provides an overview of the historical roots and the psychopathological conceptualizations of alienation. Clinically relevant features of psychotic alienation are highlighted. Experience of passivity, loss of authenticity and disturbances of striving and volition appear as psychotic characteristics.

Exploring the Relationship Between Premorbid Personality and Dementia-Related Behaviors.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether premorbid personality traits (i.e., neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) can predict behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). In particular, agitation-related behaviors were examined. The current study used convenience sampling from 14 residential care facilities in Melbourne, Australia. Demographic and health data, cognitive ability, BPSD, and premorbid personality characteristics were collected from 62 female and 27 male older adults. Close informants of participants were asked to provide premorbid personality data (i.e., before the development of dementia) using the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory. Residential care staff used the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory to rate agitation-related behaviors over a 2-week period. Correlational analyses revealed associations between premorbid agreeableness and verbally nonaggressive behaviors, and between premorbid conscientiousness and verbally nonaggressive behaviors. Although the findings provide some support that premorbid personality shapes problematic behaviors exhibited in dementia, they are inconsistent with previous research and the hypotheses were generally not supported.

The unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in group format in a Spanish public mental health setting / El protocolo unificado para el tratamiento transdiagnóstico de los trastornos emocionales en formato grupal en el ámbito de la salud mental pública española

The unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders (UP) includes therapeutic techniques and methods that have proven their efficacy and it is focused specifically on emotion regulation. Although the efficacy of UP has been proven in individual format, it is important to evaluate the delivery of the UP in other formats with the aim of improving cost-benefit. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of UP in group format. Eleven patients with emotional disorders who attended a public mental health unit participated in the study. Primary outcomes were anxiety and depression symptoms, and secondary outcomes were positive and negative affect, impairment, general functioning, quality of life, and personality dimensions. At 12-month follow-up, 100% of the participants no longer met the diagnostic criteria for their main diagnosis, significant improvements were achieved in the primary outcomes and also in most secondary outcomes, including neuroticism scores. The administration of UP in a group format could be a suitable approach to treat emotional disorders in public mental health settings

El protocolo unificado para el tratamiento transdiagnostico de los trastornos emocionales (PU) incluye las tecnicas y metodos terapeuticos que han demostrado eficacia y se centra, especificamente, en la regulacion emocional. La eficacia del PU ha sido demostrada en formato individual, pero es necesario investigar su aplicacion en otros formatos, sobre todo con el objetivo de mejorar el costebeneficio. El objetivo de este estudio piloto es evaluar la eficacia y viabilidad del PU en formato grupal. Participaron 11 personas con trastornos emocionales de una unidad de salud mental publica. Las medidas de resultado primarias fueron sintomas de ansiedad y depresion, las secundarias, afecto positivo y negativo, inadaptacion, funcionamiento general, calidad de vida y dimensiones de personalidad. A los 12 meses de seguimiento el 100% de los participantes no cumplia criterios de su diagnostico principal, se obtuvieron mejoras en las medidas primarias y en muchas de las secundarias, incluyendo el neuroticismo. La utilizacion del PU en formato grupal puede ser un metodo adecuado para el tratamiento de los trastornos emocionales en contextos de salud mental publica

NICE recommendations for psychotherapy in depression: Of limited clinical utility.

In 2009/10 NICE partially updated its guidelines on the treatment and management of depression in adults. Due to methodological shortcomings the recommendations for psychotherapy must be treated with caution. Despite recognising the heterogeneous and comorbid nature of depression, and the limitations of depression as a unitary diagnostic category, NICE treats depression as if it were a unitary entity differentiated only by severity. The guidance ignores important aetiological factors such as trauma, loss and maltreatment, personality and interpersonal difficulties. It excludes the largest naturalistic studies on clinical populations treated in the National Health Service on the grounds that they are observational studies conducted in heterogeneous groups with mixed neurotic disorders. It unquestioningly accepts that the "brand" of psychotherapy has construct validity, and ignores psychotherapy process research indicating significant commonalities, and overlap, between treatment modalities and evidence that individual practitioner effects are larger than the differences between treatment modalities. It fails to consider patient differences and preferences, which are known to influence uptake, completion and response. It takes an exclusively short-term perspective on a chronic relapsing disorder. It does not consider the evidence for longer-term treatments. It is of special concern that NICE misrepresents the findings of its own systematic review by implying that CBT and IPT are superior treatments. NICE's systematic review actually found no evidence of superiority between CBT, IPT, psychodynamic psychotherapy, or counselling. Based on the exclusion of much clinically relevant research demonstrating the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy and counselling many commentators have alleged a bias towards CBT in the guidance. With regard to service delivery NICE proposes the replacement of psychiatric assessment and individualised treatment plans, with an unproven stepped-care model. These clinical and theoretical limitations, perceived bias in the selection of studies, neglect of patient differences, preferences and values, misrepresentation of results of the systematic review, and the proposal for an unproven service delivery model together seriously undermine the validity of the guidance. The guidance, lacking validity is of questionable use, it undermines patient autonomy, professional expertise and, ultimately, patient welfare.

[HEALTH STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN BORN USING IVF].

In the work the analysis of incidence, the dynamics of physical development during the first year of life among 28 children born using IVF was conducted. It was found out that during the first year of life these children have certain patterns of growth and development, as well as a wide range of diagnosed pathology. Thereby observing children of this category should be optimized.

[The diagnostic usability of selected narrativity indices in stories about close relationships in the assessment of personality organization]. / Uzytecznosc wybranych wskazników narracyjnosci wypowiedzi na temat relacji interpersonalnych w diagnozie poziomów organizacji osobowosci.

AIM: The aim of this study was to test the usability of selected narrativity indices identified from autobiographical accounts of important relationships in an assessment of neurotic (NPO) and borderline personality organization (BPO). METHODS: Narrativity indices, both particular and generalized, were used to predict personality organization levels. Indices were derived from two separate layers of analysis: 1) lexical indices were counted with computer assistance; 2) evocative/reception indices dealing with coherence of the story were assessed using the competent judges method. RESULTS: It was found that the lexical narrativity index-the active "I"-was a good predictor of both BPO and NPO, while the human factor was a good predictor of BPO when low. Moreover, a generalized index was used to describe how stories are saturated with the narrativity indices of intentionality, concreteness, and active "I", but simultaneously deprived of human factor, and was found to be the best predictor of BPO. Furthermore, where the coherence of the story and of its subdimension (integration) rise, the probability of BPO diagnosis decreases. CONCLUSIONS: This research provides support for the thesis that surface narrativity indices may predict deeper personality structure. Its results are justified in the light of Kernberg's theory, and have the potential to become a useful tool in clinical practice as a supplementary source of information in diagnostic and psychotherapeutic processes.

Freud with Charcot: Freud's discovery and the question of diagnosis.

Although Charcot's seminal role in influencing Freud is widely stated, although Freud's trip to Paris to study with Charcot is well recognized as pivotal in his shift from neurological to psychopathological work, a key fact of the Freudian heuristic remains largely underestimated: namely, that Freud's psychopathological breakthrough, which gave birth to psychoanalysis, cannot be separated from his 'diagnostic preoccupation', which is a crucial and at times the first organizing principle of his earliest writings. The purpose of this article is therefore to reopen the question of diagnosis by following its development along the path leading from Charcot to Freud. The authors demonstrate that Freud's careful attention to diagnostic distinctions follows strictly in the direction of Charcot's 'nosological method'. More importantly, the article intends to identify the precise way in which his ideas operate in Freud's own work, in order to understand how Freud reinvests them to forge his own nosological system. If the authors trace the destiny of Charcot's lessons as they reach Freud's hands, it is the importance granted to mixed neuroses in Freud's psychopathology that allows them to pinpoint the role played by the diagnostic process in the rationality of psychoanalysis.

Screening and correlates of neurotic disorders among general medical outpatients in Xi'an China.

PURPOSE: Little is known about the distribution and correlates of neurotic disorders among general medical outpatients. The aim was to identify the population distribution and associated factors of neurotic disorders among general medical outpatients. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used. Computer-assisted interviews of 372 general outpatients aged 16 years or older in Xi'an China were conducted using a Chinese version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 (CIDI-3.0). FINDINGS: The estimated lifetime prevalence of any ICD-10 neurotic disorder among general medical outpatients was 10.8%. The most prevalent subtype of neurotic disorders was specific phobias (5.7%) followed by obsessive-compulsive disorders (3.8%) and social phobias (1.3%). General outpatients who visited the department of internal medicine (OR = 6.55, 95% CI 1.51-28.38), who were under 40 years old (OR = 4.44, 95% CI 2.05-9.62), had less than high school education (OR = 4.19, 95% CI 1.79-9.79), and were female (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.14-4.47) were most likely to report neurotic disorders. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Effective identification of neurotic disorders is crucial for its early detection and targeted intervention among general medical outpatients. Those outpatients who had younger age and lower education level, and were female and had visited internal medicine departments require additional attention.

Repetición y creación en el proceso analítico. Introducción al tema monográfico / No disponible

No disponible